What are they fighting for fighting in Goma?

Minerals, east of the Democratic Republic of Congo, has been subject to conflict for more than 30 years, after the Rwanda genocide in 1994.

Numerous armed groups have competed with the central authorities for power and control of potential wealth in this huge nation.

Instability has sucked in the neighboring countries for the pernicious impact – the famous in the 1990s, when two huge conflicts, called world wars in Africa, led to the deaths of millions of people.

After rapid progress in the east, fighters from the M23 rebel group have captured a number of key cities and cities.

Their first major coup was at the end of January with the Gom’s taking, a city in the province of North Kivu, which is home to more than a million people.

Sitting at the border with Rwanda and the shores of Kivu Lake, Goma is a vital center for trade and transport, which is within the range of mining cities delivering high demand metals and minerals.

When the rebels took over Goma, UN help agencies warned of a major humanitarian crisis with a shortage of food and water, hospitals buried by victims and bodies lying on the street.

The M23 also seized another key city in the region, the capital of South Kivu Bukavu.

Other places that are now under control of M23 include Masis, Rutshuru and Katale.

The rebels have previously threatened to continue their offensive to the capital Kinshasa, although analysts claim that this may be unlikely, since the city is 2600 km (1600 miles), on the other side of this huge country.

The M23 is guided by ethnic Tutis who say they need to take advantage of a weapon to protect the rights of the minority group.

They say several previous deals for termination of fighting have not been respected – they take their name from a peace agreement signed on March 23, 2009.

Shortly after its establishment in 2012, the M23 quickly won the territory and seized Goma – acts that were greeted with international rejoice and accusations of military crimes and human rights violations.

He was forced to withdraw from Goma and then suffered a series of severe damage to the hands of the Congoan army, along with the UN force, which saw him expel from the country.

Then the M23 fighters agreed to be integrated into the army in exchange for promises that Tutis would be protected.

But in 2021, the group again took up a weapon, saying the promises had been broken.

M23 leader Sultans Mackenga is a Congoan Tutsi, who had previously been fighting in the Rwanda army.

In the past, Rwanda has consistently denied that he supported the M23, but since 2012, UN experts have accused him of providing weapons, logistical support, and even ultimately command the rebels.

The government of D -C Congo, as well as the US and France, also described Rwanda as a support group. Last year, the report of UN experts said that up to 4,000 Rwanda troops were fighting with the M23.

On Friday, the spokesman for the Rwanda government Yolande Macolo told the BBC that the country’s troops were located along its border to prevent the conflict that is overflowing into its territory.

Previously, Rwanda said she had redeemed and accused the recent fighting of the Congoan authorities, saying they had refused to enter a M23 dialogue.

The peaceful process, mediated by Angola and with the participation of Rwanda and D -C Congo, led to a transaction to end the fire last year, but it soon fell apart and the battles resumed.

The origin of the current fighting may be partly traced to the genocide in Rwanda in 1994.

About 800,000 people – the vast majority of the Tutsi community – were killed by Hutu’s ethnic extremists.

The genocide ended with the progress of the power of Tut rebels, commanded by Paul Kagame, who is now president.

Fearing repression, approximately one million Hutus escaped across the border to what is now Congo. This accumulated ethnic tension as a marginalized group from Tutsi to the east – Banamulendj – he felt more and more threatened.

Rwanda’s army twice invaded Congo, stating that this goes after some of those responsible for the genocide and works with Banyamulenge members and other armed groups.

After 30 years of conflict, one of the Hutu groups, the democratic Rwanda Release Forces (FDLR), which includes some of the persons responsible for the Rwanda genocide, is still active in the Eastern Congo.

Rwanda describes FDLR as a “genocidal militia” and says its continuing existence in the east of the Congo threatens its own territory. Rwanda’s spokesman said they wanted to return to Rwanda to “finish work”.

He accuses the Congoan authorities of working with FDLR – accusations that D -Congo denies.

Rwanda is unlikely to remain outside the Congo unless it is convinced that FDLR is no longer a threat to itself or to the Tutsi communities in the Eastern Congo.

C Congo and numerous UN reports have accused Rwanda of using conflict as a way of looting Congoan minerals, such as gold and colt, which is used to make mobile phones and other electronic items such as cameras and interior cars.

In recent years, the M23 has seized several lucrative mining zones and a report from UN experts last December, it is said that about 120 tonnes of Coltan have been sent by M23 to Rwanda every four weeks.

They have also recorded a huge increase in mineral exports to Rwanda in recent years, most of which are thought to come from D -Congo.

Rwanda has consistently denied the allegations of operation of the minerals of the Congo.

The UN Peace Mira Mission has existed since 1999. The present force – known as Monusco – is made up of more than 10,000 troops.

However, only the power intervention brigade is allowed to perform offensive operations against armed groups. It was this force that helped to win the M23 in 2013.

Monusco is a target of anger of ordinary congoasias who consider him an inability to do his job. President Félix Tshisekedi, considering the failure of the mission, asked him to leave by the end of last year.

But the departure slowed down and in December the mission was extended for another year.

The South African Development Community (SADC), a regional grouping of 16 countries, has also deployed military force in the Eastern Congo, but it is not able to stop the rebels.

South Africa said 14 of his soldiers were killed in clashes with M23. Malawi and Tanzania soldiers have also been killed.

Cyril Ramafosa, President of South Africa, warned Rwanda that the more current attacks against her troops would be considered a “declaration of war”S

Rwanda Pen Paul Kagame responded back, accusing South Africa of being part of a “belligerent power” involved in “offensive combat operations”.

The UN said Uruguay lost one of his soldiers, who was part of Monusco’s forces.