Where “Made in China 2025” missed the brand

Beijing-China missed several key goals from its 10-year plan to become independent in technology, while promoting unhealthy industrial competition that worsened global trade tensions, said the European Chamber of Commerce in China In a report this weekS

When Beijing released its “Made in China 2025“Plan in 2015. He was greeted with significant international criticism to promote Chinese business at the expense of their foreign colleagues. The country subsequently downplayed the initiative but has doubled in the development of internal technology, given the US limitations Over the past few years.

From the launch of the plan, China has exceeded its goals for achieving home domination in cars, but the country has not yet achieved its goals in aerospace, high -end robots and production value growth rate, said the Business Chamber, citing its research and discussions with members. Out of ten strategic sectors identified in the report, China has only achieved technological domination in the shipyard, high -speed rail and electric cars.

The goals of China are usually regarded as a direction, not as a real figure that must be achieved by a certain date. The Made In China 2025 plan outlines the first ten years of what the country called a “very decades of strategy” to become a global production power plant.

The Chamber said that a standalone aircraft in China, the C919, still relies largely on US and European units, and although the levels of industrial automation are “increasing significantly”, this is mainly due to foreign technologies. In addition, the growth rate of production value added 6.1% in 2024, declining from 7% in 2015 and slightly more than halfway to reaching the goal of 11%.

“Everyone should be considered lucky that China has missed their goal for growth in production,” said Jens Eskelund, President of the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China, in front of reporters on Tuesday, as the opposite will sharpen the pressure on world competitors. “They did not fulfill their own purpose, but in fact I think they did a strikingly well. “

Even with this more slow pace, China has been transformed over the last decade to drive 29% of the addition of production value globally – almost the same as the combined US and Europe, Eskelund said. “Before 2015, in many, many categories China was not a direct competitor to Europe and the United StatesS “

The United States has tried to limit China’s access to high -end technology in recent years and to encourage advanced manufacturing companies to build factories in America.

Earlier this week, USA Issued requirements for export of licensing For US -based chipmaker Nvidia’s H20 and Amd’s MI308 artificial intelligence chips as well as their equivalents to China. Before that, Nvidia said it would take A three -month fee of about $ 5.5 billion As a result of the new requirements for export licensing. The CEO CEO Huang met with Chinese deputy premier he Life in Beijing On Thursday, according to Chinese state media.

US restrictions “prompted us to do things we would not have to buy before,” said Lionel M., founder of the Guangzhou Campus President of the University of Science and Technology. This is, according to CNBC, its remarks on Mandarin’s language to reporters on Wednesday.

NI said that products requiring home development effort include chips and equipment, and if the replacement of limited items were not available immediately, the university would buy the second best version.

In addition to themed plans, China issues national priorities for development every five years. Current The 14th five-year plan It emphasizes support for the digital economy and ends in December. The next 15th five-year plan is planned to be launched next year.

Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei released a smartphone in late 2023. an advanced chip capable of 5G speedsS The company has been on an American blacklist since 2019 and launched its own operating system last year, which is Completely separated from Google Android is reportedS

“Western Chip export control has been successful, as it briefly set China’s development efforts in semiconductors, albeit at some cost of the United States and allied companies,” analysts at the Center for Strategic and International Studies of Washington, based in the United Kingdom, said. In a report this weekS However, they noted that China only doubled, “potentially destabilizes the ecosystem of the US semiconductor.”

For example, Thinktank pointed out that the current Huawei smartphone, the Pura 70 series, includes 33 components created by China and only 5 obtained outside China.

Huawei reported a 22% jump in revenue in 2024 – Fastest growth since 2016 – buried by recovery in your business with consumer products. The company spends 20.8% of its revenue Concerning research and developments last year, much above its annual goal of over 10%.

Overall, the manufacturers of China have achieved the target of 1.68% for the cost of research and development as a percentage of operating revenue, according to a report of the EU House.

“” Europe has to look hard, “Eskelund said, citing the high costs of Huawei research and development.” Do European companies do what is needed to remain in the most technology? “

Dutch semiconductor equipment ASML spent 15.2% of its net sales in 2024 by research and development while NVIDIA ratio is 14.2%S

In an annual government report delivered in March, Chinese Prime Minister Li Kiang called for efforts to stop the involutionecho A high -level Politburo Directive Last July. The Politburo is the second highest round of power in the ruling Chinese Communist Party.

Such fierce competition combines the impact of already slowing economic growth. Of the 2825 companies listed in China, 20% reported a loss for the first time in 2024, according to an analysis of CNBC on Thursday’s wind information. Including companies reporting another year of losses, the share of companies that lost money last year has grown to nearly 48%, the analysis showed.

China in March emphasized that Increasing consumption is his priority for the year after before Focus on manufacturingS The growth of retail sales is lagging behind industrial production on an annual basis since the beginning of 2024, according to official data available through wind information.

Policy creators are also looking for ways to guarantee “a better coincidence between production production and what the internal market can absorb,” Eskelund said, adding that efforts to strengthen consumption do not matter if production production increases even faster.

But when he was asked about the policies that could deal with the production supercapacity, he said, “We are also looking forward to waiting.”